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The sudden increase of oil prices in 1973 meant that the foreign
revenues of Iran quadrupled in just over two months. As the first
OPEC member to begin disbursing this extra revenue on a significant
scale, Iran offers the first complete example of the social,
economic and political problems this caused. This book examines the
cycle of the boom and the years that led up to it ? from the rural
and essentially backward nature of the country to the euphoria of
1973 when the Shah seriously talked of Iran reaching the Great
Civilisation, where by the 1990s Iran would be the world's fifth
power. And then finally through to the loss of control over
expenditure, the cancellation of ambitious projects and eventual
disillusionment with all the attendant problems of expectations and
increased social and political tension. A comprehensive analysis of
the system of government in Iran is provided in Part Three of the
book, demonstrating that this has created a repressed stability,
incapable of promoting social and economic progress.
Robert Roberts' The House Servant's Directory, first published in
1827 and the standard for household management for decades
afterward, is remarkable for several reasons: It is one of the
first books written by an African American and issued by a
commercial press, and it was written while Roberts (ca. 1780-1860)
was in the employ of Christopher Gore (1758-1827), a former senator
from and governor of Massachusetts (and ancestor of the novelist
Gore Vidal). Gore Place, where Roberts worked from 1825 to 1827, is
one of the grandest neoclassical mansions built in America. Not
only was the extraordinary set of recommendations that Roberts made
about relations between servants and their masters unique for its
time, but his many recipes for cleaning furniture and clothing and
for purchasing, preparing, and serving food and drink for small and
large dinners are also still useful today. As portrayed in Graham
Hodges' introduction, Roberts' own story is a unique window into
the work habits and thoughts of America's domestic workers and into
antebellum African American politics. Of particular note is
Roberts' contribution to the emergence of new self-perceptions of
black manliness. Written at a time when male Americans in general
were reconsidering the construction of masculinity, Roberts' advice
to his fellow servants fostered black dignity for work that few
felt merited respect, and his counsel to employers on proper
treatment of their servants insisted on their humanity and respect
for their skills.
Robert Roberts' The House Servant's Directory, first published in
1827 and the standard for household management for decades
afterward, is remarkable for several reasons: It is one of the
first books written by an African American and issued by a
commercial press, and it was written while Roberts (ca. 1780-1860)
was in the employ of Christopher Gore (1758-1827), a former senator
from and governor of Massachusetts (and ancestor of the novelist
Gore Vidal). Gore Place, where Roberts worked from 1825 to 1827, is
one of the grandest neoclassical mansions built in America. Not
only was the extraordinary set of recommendations that Roberts made
about relations between servants and their masters unique for its
time, but his many recipes for cleaning furniture and clothing and
for purchasing, preparing, and serving food and drink for small and
large dinners are also still useful today. As portrayed in Graham
Hodges' introduction, Roberts' own story is a unique window into
the work habits and thoughts of America's domestic workers and into
antebellum African American politics. Of particular note is
Roberts' contribution to the emergence of new self-perceptions of
black manliness. Written at a time when male Americans in general
were reconsidering the construction of masculinity, Roberts' advice
to his fellow servants fostered black dignity for work that few
felt merited respect, and his counsel to employers on proper
treatment of their servants insisted on their humanity and respect
for their skills.
The trilogy ends with the new anarchism, which deals with the
exciting developments in anarchist theory since the reemergence of
social movements in the 1960s and 1970s.
Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas documents
various currents in anarchist thought, from eco-anarchism on, as
well as the spread of anarchist social movements around the world.
This volume features selections from many prominent writers,
including Murray Bookchin, Noam Chomsky, Carole Pateman, Peter
Marshall, David Graeber, Luce Fabbri, Mark Leier, C.George Benello,
Daniel Colson, Rosella Di Leo, Todd May, Alan Carter, Ed Herman,
Richard Sonn, Ashanti Alston, Ba Jin, Saul Newman, Jesse Cohn,
Richard Day, Amedeo Bertolo, Chaia Heller, Brian Tokar, Uri Gordon,
Howard J. Ehrlich, Mok Chiu Yo, Sharif Gemie, Luis Andr Normal 0
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 es Edo, and many others.
This volume in the series, as with those already published, goes
well beyond all previous anthologies of anarchist writings in both
theoretical and geographical scope, making the series an
extraordinary accomplishment and an historical collection.
Selections from many countries and contexts are included, some
translated into English for the first time.
In the afterword, Robert Graham surveys the many different
currents in anarchist thought documented in all three volumes of
this outstanding and definitive anthology, discussing the
continuity and changes in anarchist ideas as they have evolved in
their historical context and the importance of these ideas for the
future.
Robert Graham has been writing on the history of anarchist ideas
and developments in contemporary anarchist theory for over twenty
years.
This book offers the first in-depth intellectual and cultural
history of British subversive propaganda during the Second World
War. Focussing on the Political Warfare Executive (PWE), it tells
the story of British efforts to undermine German morale and promote
resistance against Nazi hegemony. Staffed by civil servants,
journalists, academics and anti-fascist European exiles, PWE
oversaw the BBC European Service alongside more than forty unique
clandestine radio stations; they maintained a prolific outpouring
of subversive leaflets and other printed propaganda; and they
trained secret agents in psychological warfare. British policy
during the occupation of Germany stemmed in part from the wartime
insights and experiences of these propagandists. Rather than
analyse military strategy or tactics, British Subversive Propaganda
during the Second World War draws on a wealth of archival material
from collections in Germany and Britain to develop a critical
genealogy of British ideas about Germany and National Socialism.
British propagandists invoked discourses around history, morality,
psychology, sexuality and religion in order to conceive of an
audience susceptible to morale subversion. Revealing much about the
contours of mid-century European thought and the origins of our own
heavily propagandised world, this book provides unique insights for
anyone researching British history, the Second World War, or the
fight against fascism.
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